Chapter 16 - Learning Goals

Explain what is meant by the autoionization of water, and write the ion-product constant for this process.

List the general properties that characterize acidic and basic solutions, and identify the ions responsible for these properties.

Define Bronsted-Lowry acid, Bronsted-Lowry base, and conjugate acid base pair; identify the conjugate base associated with a given Bronsted-Lowry acid and the conjugate acid associated with a Bronsted-Lowry base.

Define pH, calculate pH from a knowledge of [H⁺] or [OH^-], and perform the reverse operation.

Identify the common strong acids and bases, and calculate the pH of their aqueous solutions given their concentrations.

Calculate the pH for a weak acid solution in water, given the weak acid concentration and K_a; calculate the K_a given the acid concentration and pH.

Calculate the percent ionization for a weak acid, knowing it's concentration in solution and the value of K_a.

Calculate the pH for a weak base solution in water given the base concentration and K_b; calculate the K_b given the base concentration and pH.

Determine the relationship between the strength of an acid and that of it's conjugate base; calculate K_b from a knowledge of K_a and vice versa.

Predict whether a particular salt solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral.

Explain how relative acid strength relates to the polarity and the strength of the H-X bond.

Predict the relative strengths of the oxyacids.

Define acid or base in terms of the Lewis concept.