I. Identifications (25 points, 5 of the 20 terms below will appear on the final examination)

Maat	helots	Srivijaya
Mithra	Peloponnesus	Fuero Juzgo
Toledo	Parthians	Guild
Horus	Rig Veda	Etruscans
Admonitions for Women	Legalism	Delian League
Sadducees	sharia	Shi
Xiongnu	Silk Roads

II. Essays: ( 75 points, 1 of these 4 essays will be on the examination.)

Question 1: Over time both Roman society and Greek society had to cope with immigrants or newcomers. Compare and contrast how the two societies dealt with the phenomenon of immigration and make a case for which society dealt more effectively with it. Hint: be sure to include a discussion of citizenship and political structure in your answer.

Question 2: The pax romana or Roman peace is the term given to the cultural and political zone of influence in the Mediterranean over which the Romans had control for almost two and a half centuries beginning with the reign of Augustus. Within this area of influence (which is delineated in your textbook on page 235) a range of peoples and societies co-existed, allowed to express their differences and while still being considered loyal to Roman rule. Yet despite the achievement that the pax romana represented, there were still divisions in Roman imperial society, as we have seen. Discuss the reforms that Augustus made to create the pax romana and the clear examples of divisions within it. In your essay identify the reform(s) that you think was most important in making the pax romana possible.

Question 3: Between 500 and 1100 C.E. both Christians and Muslims were involved in crusades to spread their faiths by force of arms. Discuss the similarities and differences between these efforts. In your essay explain whether you think crusading was undertaken chiefly for religious purposes or for economic and political purposes.

Question 4: In the period from 600-1300 C.E. India and Europe shared much in common: politically they were dominated by compact, but powerful states (with the exception of the reigns of Charlemagne and Harsha); religious institutions with varying degrees of public acknowledgment (Hindu temples in India and Christian churches in Europe) provided the only extensive social and cultural bonds across each of these regions; both regions had important and interactions with Islam that were positive and negative; and both regions had influence on other areas of Eurasia. Using the Iberian peninsula and the Indian states of the Sultanate of Delhi, Vijayanagar and the Chola Kingdom as case-studies, explain why Indian states tended to influence other cultures indirectly and peacefully while Europe tended to interact with other cultures through crusade and conquest, especially after 1100 C.E.

III. Conditions For Taking the Final Examination.

I have adopted the policy below for the final examination as an insurance policy for everyone. I want everyone to have the same chance as everyone else on the final examination.

1. You must use a blue-book.
2. You must bring nothing into the examination except something with which to write, preferably a pen. No book-bags, papers, notes etc.
3. To the extent possible you must sit every other seat on examination day.
4. Anyone not adhering to the above three conditions will not be allowed to sit the examination.