I. The European Presence in Africa:
 

A. Stages of the European Presence (later we’ll look at this from the African point of view)
 

1. c. 1450-1900

2. A Case Study: South Africa
 

a. Era of the Dutch East India Company
 
 

b. Khoi-Khoi & San
 
 

c. 1800-1868
 
 

d. Gold & Diamonds: Consolidation of the Colony
 
 
 

 

B. Necessary Conditions
 

1. Defeat of the White Man’s Graveyard:
 

a. Medicines
 

b. transportation
 

c. exploration, c. 1750-1880

2. Reasons for European Involvement
 

a. post-slavery helpfulness
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

b. European nationalist competition
 
 
 
 
 
 

c. Psychology
 
 

d. Discovery of gold, diamonds, other resources

C. Kinds of Rule:

1. Britain: indirect & direct, not assimilative
 

2. France: direct, assimilative
 

3. Belgium & Portuguese: exploitative
 
 
 
 

II. Africans and African Societies in the 18th and 19th centuries
 

A. The Islamicization of the North
 

1. Spread of Islam
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

B. West Coast
 

1. Growth of States
 
 
 
 
 
 

C. East Africa

1. Ethiopia
 

a. the Monarchy
 
 

b. Western-style modernization
 
 
 

 

2. Omani
 

a. Sayyid Sa’id, c. 1805-1860

D. Southern Africa

 
1. Zulu
 

a. 1600-1800:

 
 
 
 
 
 

b. 1800-1830:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

c. 1830-1880:

 

 
 

III. Summary
 

A. General patterns of statebuilding:
 

1. Regimes Types

2. Impact on traditional society
 

3. Economy
 

4. Social Order

 
 
 
 

B. Defeat of African States
 

1. Timing
 
 
 
 

2. Means