I. Changes in European Society
 

A. The Rise of the State and the Formation of New Elites
 

1. Centralization of State Institutions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2. The New Elites
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

B. Science, Popular Culture, Religion, and Enlightenment
 

1. Transformation of Popular Culture
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2. Religion and Science
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3. Enlightenment
 

 
 

II. Changes in European Economies
 

A. Europe’s Shift in Economic Focus
 

1. Proto-Industrialization and Take-Off to Industrialization, 1600-1850
 

a. Private Agriculture
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

b. Proto-Industrialization and Manufacturing

1. Proto-Industrialization
 
 
 
 
 
 

2. Manufacturing
 

 
 
 
 

c. Plantation Agriculture
 
 
 

d. Global Trade: the Shift Away from Consumption Importation and Urban-Dominated Internal Trade

 

1. Importation of ideas and techniques, not just goods
 
 
 
 
 
 

2. New ways of organizing companies
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3. Attempt to integrate enterprises completely