Economy and Society in New Spain/Peru and Brazil, 1550-1700
I. Social Order in New Spain/Peru & Brazil
A. New Spain/PeruII. Economy in New Spain/Peru and Brazil and Social Transformation
1. Upper Class:
2. Middling Sort:
3. Commoners:
4. Africans:
B. Brazil
1. Upper Class:
2. Middling Sort:
3. Commoners:
A. New Spain/Peru
1. Mining
2. Craftsmen
3. Proto-industrial textile production
3. Farming
4. Plantation Crops
5. Internal Trade
6. International Trade
B. Brazil
Key Terms:
pecho
criollos
peninsulares
mestizo
mullato
zambo
casta = general name for all persons of mixed descent
gente razón
mita
repartimiento
degradados
encomienda
encomenderos
gold, silver, mercury
New Laws for the Indies
Proto-industrial
cash crops
sugar
Slave Trade Overview
I. Primary Source Areas for Slaves:
A. Overall Picture:
1. How Many Africans in the Whole Slave Trade?B. African Regional Contributionsa. 1500: 5000/yr.
b. 1550: 8000/yr.
c. 1600: 9500/yr.
d. 1650: 13,800/yr.
e. 1700: 36,100/yr.
f. 1750: 80,000/yr. (peak about 1760 to end of century)
g. 1800: 80,000/yr.
1. West Coast: contribution ranged from 40%, c. 1500 to 16%, c. 17002. Gulf of Guinea: contribution ranged from 20%, c. 1500 to 54%, c. 1700
3. West Central Africa: Contribution ranged from 40%, c. 1500 to 31%, c. 1700
II. Primary Destinations of African slaves:
A. Overview: 1450-1870; Portuguese start trade in 15th century and are the last to end it in 1870.III. Contemporary and Modern-Day Views on the Slave Trade
1. Europe & the Atlantic Islands: 1.9%
2. Spanish America: 15.9%
3. Brazil: 37.8%
4. Non-Spanish Caribbean: 40%
5. North America: 4.4%
B. Estimates for Key Regions
1. Spanish Americas
a. c. 1600-1750: 450,000 slaves legally imported
2. Brazil
a. c. 1535-1810: c. 2.5 million slaves imported
3. Caribbean
a. Jamaica: c. 1700-1786: 610,000 slaves imported
A. Contemporary Views:
1. Proponents:
2. Opponents:
B. Modern-Day Scholars
1. Williams Thesis
2. Underdevelopment Thesis
3. Thornton Thesis
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