History 4413 - Fall 2000
The Reformation in Germany: Triumph of Reform or Reformation?

In your readings on the Reformation (in Brady and Tracy), two faces of the German Reformation have received a lot of attention: particularism and the making of denominations or confessionalization. Particularism, which is the term chiefly used by Brady to refer to the varied rights, privileges, governing structures and cultures that flourished in the Holy Roman Empire, obviously was an important force behind much that happened in the Empire between 1450 and 1555. Indeed, Brady sees one of the primary tensions in this period as being between those who supported particularism and those who strove for centralization. Confessionalization, which Brady sees as unfolding more overtly after 1555, nevertheless also played a major role between 1450 and 1555. The forces of confessionalization tended to define more and more aspects of daily life in terms of one of the emerging Christian denominations (Catholicism, Lutheranism, Calvinism, Zwinglianism, Anabaptism, etc.), thereby making more and more of life subject to the demands of religion and the ultimate aim of salvation. An example of this would be Martin Bucer’s demands for further Reformation within Strasbourg. As in the case of particularism, there was a tension between supporters and opponents of confessionalization. In a four to five-page paper (typed in 12 pt. Times Roman or Courier font with double-spacing and proper margins and footnoting) discuss which of these two conflicts, that over particularism or that over confessionalization, was most important in determining the course of the German Reformation through 1555.