USING WHO, WHOM, WHOEVER, and WHOMEVER CORRECTLY
The pronouns who and whoever are in the subjective case, and whom and whomever are in the objective case. Within each case, the pronouns do not change form for singular or plural, and they do not change form for fist, second, or third person.
Knowing how to use who, whoever, whom, and whomever
in dependent clauses
A dependent clause
contains a subject and predicate and starts with a word that makes the
clause unable to stand alone
as a sentence. Pronouns such as who, whoever, whom, or whomever
start many dependent clauses.
To determine what pronoun
case is correct in a dependent clause, it is not necessary to determine
whether the entire clause is functioning as a subject or an object in the
sentence.
Cases of Relative and Interrogative Pronouns
| Subjective | Objective | Possessive |
| who | whom | whose |
| whoever | whomever |
If you want to check your use of who and whom, try the drop test. Temporarily drop everything in the sentence up to the pronoun in question, and then make substitutions. Remember that he, she , they, who, and whoever (the -m forms and her) are objects. Here is how the method works for the subjective case.
Test for Who/Whom in the Subjective Case
| Example I wondered (who, whom) would vote.
Step 1 - Omit "I wondered."
|
This four-step drop test
works also for whoever.
Voter registration drives
attempt to enroll whoever is eligible to vote. ["He (not him)
is eligible to vote" proves that the subjective case of whoever
is needed.]
Test for Who/Whom in the Objective Case
| Example Volunteers go to senior citizen centers hoping to enroll
people (who. whom) others have ignored.
Step 1 - Omit "Volunteers...people."
|
This four-step drop test
works also for whomever:
The senior citizens can
vote for whomever they wish. ["The senior citizens can vote for
him"
proves that the objective case of whomever is needed.]