Begins with facts or observations and uses them to draw a general conclusion. Scientific method is inductive.

If you get indigestion several times after eating Mexican food, you might conclude that eating Mexican food gives you indigestion.  Moving from evidnce to a conclusion is called an inductive leap.
 
 

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

Begins with generalizations and applies them to a specific instance to draw a conclusion.

Syllogism
                      Major Premise All blondes are brilliant
                      Minor Premise Jane is a blonde
(therefore)     Conclusion  Jane is brilliant

This syllogism is valid but not true because the major premise is flawed. To be effective, an argument must be both valid and true